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UGC NET Criminology Paper II and Paper III ( Part A & B )
Unit – I

UGC NET Criminology : Definition and Scope, Criminology and other Social Sciences; Legal, Social and Psychological Aspects of Crime; Traditional Crimes – Crimes against Property and Person;
Modern Crimes : Organized Crimes, Socio – Economic Crimes, Corruption, Cyber Crimes, Environmental Crimes, Terrorism and Insurgency; Crime and Politics.
Unit – II
Criminological thought in Ancient India and Abroad; Classical School and Neoclassical School; Positive School; Cartographic School; Sociological Theories – Social Structural Theories and Social Process Theories; Economic Theories of Crime; Critical Criminology / Radical Criminology / Labelling perspective.
Unit – III
Constitutional Theories : Body Types, Hereditary Traits, Endocrine Glands; Behaviourist Theories : Drives, Motives, Attitudes, Frustrations; Psycho-analytical Theories; Psychopathic Personality; Mental Health and Criminal Liability; Application of Psychology in Police, Courts and Corrections.
Unit – IV
Criminological Research : Importance and Types; Research Questions and Hypotheses; Research Design; Sampling, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Interpretation and Report Writing; Statistical Application in Criminological Research; Sources of Crime Statistics in India and Crime Trends.
Unit – V
Social Change, Social Disorganization and Social Problems; Victimless Crimes : Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide; Family centred Crimes : Dowry, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse; Community Problems : Inter – religion and Inter – caste tensions and conflicts.
Unit – VI
Juvenile Delinquency : Concept and Causes; Pre – delinquency stages : Truancy and Vagrancy; U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice ( Beijing Rules ); Main Features of Juvenile Justice Act; Institutional Services : Observation Homes, Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, and ‘fit’ Institutions; Juvenile Aftercare Services.
Unit – VII
History and Theories of Punishment : Historical Development from Punishment to Correction and Reformation, Prison Reform since Independence; Types of Punishment – Simple and rigorous imprisonment – Capital Punishment – Views of Abolitionists and Retentionists; Current problems and challenges in Prison Administration; Indeterminate and Determinate sentence.
Unit – VIII
Prison System in India; Correctional Programs in Jails; Aftercare Services for Adult and Juvenile Offenders; Probation, Parole – Concept and Historical Development, Probation under Different Laws.
Unit – IX
Legal Approaches : Accustorical and Inquisitorial; Substantive and Procedural Laws – Criminal Liability, Strict Liability; Indian Penal Code – General Exceptions, Offences Against Property; Criminal Procedure Code ; Cognizable and Non – Cognizable offences, Bailable and Non – bailable, Compoundable and Non – compoundable offences; Investigation of Crimes; Complaint, F.I.R., Powers of Police Officers, Arrest, Search, Seizure, Police Custody, Judicial Remand and Bail; Types of Evidence, Admissibility of Confession, Dying declaration; Rights of accused, Rights of victims, Rights of women in custody, Rights of prisoners.
Unit – X
Victimology : Concept, Origin and Development, Need to Study Victims, Victim Typology, Role of Victim in Criminal Phenomenon – Victim Precipitation; U.N. Declaration on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power; Victim’s Rights – Fair Access to Justice, Restitution, Compensation, and Assistance; Victim Compensation Schemes in India; Human Rights – Protection of Human Rights Act.

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UGC NET International Area Studies Paper II & III ( A ) ( Core Group ) :
Unit – I :

Nature of International Politics.
Theories and approaches to the study of International Politics ( including the area studies approach ).
Nationalism, Nation-State and challenges to Nation – States.

Unit – II :

Contemporary World Order : End of Cold War, United States as a pre-eminent power and multipolarity ( European Union, China and Japan ).
Globalisation and its implications.
Environment and Ecological Problems.
Human Rights

Unit – III :

International Economic Issues : Trade regime ( WTO ) and economic groupings, Role of International Financial Institutions.
Role of Multi – national Corporations.

Unit – IV :

Trans-national Threats and Security : International Terrorism, Drug – trafficking, Proliferation of small arms.
Weapons of mass – destruction – nuclear, biological, chemical and weather weapons and arms control and disarmament.

Unit – V :
Indian Foreign Policy :

Basic Objectives and Principles.
India and its neighbours.
India and major powers.
Major issues of Indian Foreign Policy.

Unit – VI :
United Nations :

Collective security, peace – keeping and peace-making.
Role of International Law.
UN agencies and other International Organizations.
Restructuring of the United Nations.

Unit – VII :
South Asia in World Affairs South – East Asia in World Affairs.
Unit – VIII :
Russia and the CIS ( Commonwealth of Independent States ) in World Affairs.
Unit – IX :
West Asia in World Affairs Africa in World Affairs.
Unit – X :
America and Europe in World Affairs Latin America in World Affairs.
Paper – III ( B ) ( Elective / Optional ) :
Elective – I :

Theories of International Politics : Realist, Idealist, Systems and Decision making.
Role of Power in International Politics : Balance of Power, Bipolarity, Unipolarity and Multipolarity.
The concept of Nation, National Interest and National Security Collective Security; The role of the United Nations.
Post – Cold War and the emerging World Order.
Politics of Liberalisation, Globalisation and World Trade Organization. Nuclear Weapons, Deterrence and World Peace.

Elective – II :

Concept, components and models of National and International security.
Challenges and threats to India’s security since Independence – external and internal dimensions.
Defence mechanism of Nation-States : India, US and the Peoples Republic of China.
India’s Security policies and Nuclear doctrine.
Problems of Armament and Disarmament – Economic, Political and Scientific dimensions.
Concept and theories of conflict and conflict resolution including Confidence Building Measures ( CBMs ).
Evolution of strategic thoughts – Kautilya, Clausewitz, A. T. Mahan, Mackinder and Douhet.
New modes of warfare – Low Intensity conflict, Electronic and Cyber warfare.

Elective – III :
Introduction :

Historical Background-Empires
Geo-political set-up
Interaction with the West
National Awakening
Disintegration of Ottoman Empire
Palestine problem
Inter – war Developments

Ideologies :

Pan – Arabism
Pan – Islamism
Pan – Turanism
Etatism
Zionism
Nasserism
Secularism

West Asia and the World :

Major powers’ interests in West Asia
Cold War
Oil Dynamics
West Asia and India

General Themes :

Regional Organizations
Intra – Arab relations / rivalries
Post – Cold War Scenario – Continuity and Change
Social transformation
Economy
Islamic Resurgence
State Systems

Elective – IV :
Basic Features of the Region :
Land and People – Geo – political and Socio – economic Setting.
Colonialism and Nationalism :
Patterns, Major Feature’s and Impact of Western Colonialism-Independence Movements-Maintenance of Independence by Thailand throughout its History.
Developments in Post-Independent Period :

Problems of Communalism and Nation-Building – Communist Challenges.
Role of Military – Challenges to Democracy – Secessionist Movements – Economic Transformation – mtra – Regional Conflicts and Cooperation.

Foreign Policies of South East Asian Countries :
Determinants, Objectives and Goals-Role of External Powers – USA, Russia, China, Japan and India.
Elective – V :
Geo – cultural Aspects :
Land, People, Ecology, Environment, Languages and Culture.
Historical Aspects :

Ancient African Empires
Indigenous political systems
Atlantic slave trade – its impact and implications.
Industrial Revolution and the elimination of slave trade.

Colonialism in Africa :

European partition of Africa
Asian ( Indian ) migration into Africa
Patterns of Colonial rule in Africa
Legacy of Colonialism
Growth of nationalism and Liberation Movements in Africa.

Political Aspects :

Political independence and Constitutional changes in Africa.
Growth of political parties and party – systems.
The role of military
Democratisation process in Africa.
Rise and fall of Apartheid in South Africa.
Concepts of Pan – Africanism and African socialism.

Economic Aspects :

Nature of African Economy.
Underdevelopment and Dependency patterns in Africa.
Neo – colonial penetration and problems of economic independence.
Development strategies in post – independence period.
Structural adjustment programs in Africa – an evaluation.
Problem of poverty in Africa.
Africa’s debt crisis.
Globalisation and its impact on Africa.
Regional economic cooperation and development ( ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, EAC and AEC ).

Social Aspects :

Problems of nation – building in Africa.
Role of education
State of Human Rights in Africa.
Role of civil society and women.
Problem of AIDS in Africa.
Ethnic conflicts in Africa.
Social change and structural transformation.

Africa and the World :

Africa and the emerging International System
Africa and European dominance
Africa and the Cold War
Post – Cold War scenario in Africa
Africa and the New World Order
Africa and the United Nations
Inter-regional Cooperation
Role of the Organization of African Unity ( OAU )
Africa and the Non – aligned Movement ( NAM )
The Role and Relevance of the African Union ( AU ) 2001
Africa and the Arab World
India – Africa Relations

Elective – VI :

Soviet Period From Lenin to Stalin :

Civil War in Russia and its impact on polity and economy War, Communism and New Economic policy.
Nationality Policy after the Revolution and the formation of the USSR.
Industrialization debate and Economic Development under the Five-Year Plans.
Soviet Foreign Policy
Constitutional Theories and Soviet Federalism.

Soviet Union Under Khrushchev and Brezhnev :

Twentieth Congress of the CPSU and Destalinization.
New Approaches to Third World and the Non-aligned Movement.
Brezhnev and Kosygin leadership in World Affairs.
Constitution of 1977

Mikhail Gorbachev Period :

Gorbachev’s New Political Thinking-Political and economic reforms.
Foreign Policy under Gorbachev and end of the Cold War.
Break-up of the USSR.

Post-Soviet Russia and CIS :

Russia under Boris Yeltsin – Political and economic dimensions.
Systemic transformation of Russia and the CIS.
New Orientation in Russia’s Foreign Policy.
Russia and the CIS
Indo-Russian Relations
Developments in Central Asia and the Transcaucasia.

Elective – VII :
Land and People :

Geo – political setting
Multi – culture social structures – diversities of race, language and religion Resource endowment – natural and human resources.

Colonialism and Nationalism :

Patterns of Colonialism
Major features of Colonialism
Nature of colonial impact on South Asian societies.
Nationalism and Nationalist movements.
Communal and Separatist Movements – genesis of Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Society and Culture of South Asia :

Population – General attributes and migration patterns.
Major Social institutions and Groups.
Dynamics of Social change.

Political Systems of South Asian States :

Organization of Government Order and Underlying principles.
Post-independence Era – constitutional developments and movements for democracy – Elections, Political parties and Pressure groups.
Problems of nation-building and Issues of national integration-Communal – ism, Regionalism, Linguism, Ethnic cleavages, Ideology and Strategies of leadership.

Economic Profile and Development Strategies :

Traditional economics – nature and bases.
Pattern of economic development and growth strategies.
Trade, aid and investment.
Problems of economic development.

Foreign Policies of South Asian States :

Determinants and objectives.
Role of external powers.
Intra – regional cooperation and conflict – India’s relations with its neighbours.

Regional Cooperation in South Asia :

Historical antecedents – Political and economic imperatives.
Genesis and growth of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ).
Challenges and prospects of regional cooperation in South Asia.

Elective – VIII :

Making of the Constitution – Development of the Republic and making of the nation.
Constitutional Amendments-Structural changes, political and social movements.
Presidency, congress and judiciary in recent times.
US Role in UN and other international organizations.
United States Economic and Global role in post-Cold War Era.
Problems of minorities; Afro – American, Hispanic and Asian Americans Diasporic experience.
Contemporary American Society and polity.

Elective-IX :

Development of Constitutional process in Latin America – Translation from authoritarianism of democracy.
US-Latin American relations and its implications in inter-American affairs. Cultural, economic and trade relations between Europe and Latin America. Problems of Human Rights in Latin America.
The role of multilateral agencies in containing international and narcot terrorism; Legal mechanism to preserve peace and security in the region.
Role of Latin America and the Caribbean in global and regional organizations
Trade and Economic grouping in Latin America.
India and Latin America – growing partnership.